A buildup of fat in the liver, called fatty liver disease, may lead to cirrhosis. The hepatitis e virus is found in the faeces of infected people and animals and is spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water. Druginduced hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver parenchyma caused by the intake of certain medications. Hepatitis b spreads by contact with an infected persons blood, semen, or other body fluid. Department veterans health administration hepatitis a hepatitis b hepatitis c a virus that causes sickness to the liver goes away in about 2 months a virus that causes sickness to the liver usually goes away after several months if it does not go away, it can cause. Having chronic hepatitis b increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis a condition that permanently scars of the liver. Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses. Viral hepatitis is a general name for several forms of hepatitis that are caused by a virus. The group of viruses hepatitis a, b, c, d and e that cause acute andor chronic infection and inflammation of the liver gives rise to a major. The patients immune system makes antibodies against hav that confer immunity against future. Approximately 2 billion individuals in the world have evidence of past or present hepatitis b, and 1. Symptoms of iral hepatitis appear from two weeks to six months after exposure to the v virus.
Viral hepatitis symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. The acute form of hepatitis, generally caused by viral infection, is characterized by constitutional symptoms that are typically selflimiting. The hepatitis a virus spreads through contact with an infected persons stool. Hepatitis, inflammation of the liver that results from a variety of causes, both infectious and noninfectious. Many people with hepatitis b have few symptoms and may not know theyre infected. The virus that causes the infection is called hepatitis c virus hcv a person contracts the hepatitis c virus by coming into contact with infectious fluids and secretions from someone else who is already infected with hepatitis c virus. Hepatitis a is caused by the hepatitis a virus, which is spread in the poo of someone with the infection.
At this time, there are five viruses known to affect the liver in particular. The disease may start as acute hepatitis and progress to chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it. While hav and hev cause only acute disease with no chronic sequelae, hbv, hcv and hdv cause varying degrees of chronicity and liver injury, which can. May 28, 2019 hepatitis c is an inflammation of the liver due to a viral infection. Overview of chronic hepatitis hepatic and biliary disorders. Noninfectious causes include certain drugs and toxic agents. Its commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of. The other common hepatitis viruses are a and b, which differ somewhat from hepatitis c in the way they are spread and treated. Hepatitis viruses medical microbiology ncbi bookshelf. Symptoms of all types of viral hepatitis are similar and can include one or. The inflammation can affect how your liver works and cause other signs and symptoms of hepatitis a.
Of the many viral causes of human hepatitis few are of greater global importance than hepatitis b virus hbv. Hepatitis b virus is not related to the hepatitis a virus or the hepatitis c virus some people with hepatitis b never clear the virus and are chronically infected. Although this disorder had been known by a variety of names, including lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, and autoimmune. It is contracted through flat tired wounds, contact with blood, saliva, fluids of an infectious body. Symptoms of chronic viral hepatitis associated with early andor slowly progressive liver disease are generally non specific. Hepatitis c, infectious disease of the liver, the causative agent of which is known as hepatitis c virus hcv. The hepatitis c virus is an rna virus that belongs to. Hepatitis is a disease caused by inflammation of the liver. Fig aetiologicalfactors concerned in active chronic liver disease. Hepatitis b vaccination and hepatitis b immune because there is a high risk of acquiring hbv from a needlestick injury, health care profession. Hepatitis a causes only acute infection and typically gets better without treatment after a few weeks. Its the least risky type because it almost always gets better on its own. Hepatitis e is more severe among pregnant women, especially in the third trimester. You can protect yourself by getting the hepatitis a vaccine.
There is no chronic longterm infection associated with this virus. Hepatitis has many causes, including viruses type of germ, drugs, chemicals and alcohol, and even ones own immune system attacking the liver. Its commonly caused by a viral infection, but there are other possible causes of hepatitis. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources and can have severe economic consequences. Researchers have discovered several different viruses that cause hepatitis, including hepatitis a, b, c. Hepatitis e is most common in developing countries. This highly contagious form of hepatitis can be spread through contaminated food or water. For some people, hepatitis b infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months. Chronic persistent hepatitis is characterized histologically by mainly portal inflammatory infiltration. Viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis viruses a through e, still remains a major public health problem in india. Hepatitis a is inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis a virus. An infected woman can give hepatitis b to her baby at birth. It causes an acute form of hepatitis and does not have a chronic stage.
They may spread the infection without realising it. The patients immune system makes antibodies against hav that confer immunity against future infection. It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. Rates are higher for hbv infection in children eg, up to 90% of infected neonates and 25 to 50% of young children. Hepatitis has a broad spectrum of presentations that range from a complete lack of symptoms to severe liver failure.
In particular, types b and c lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis. Viral hepatitis is the most common type of hepatitis, a group of serious diseases that cause inflammation of the liver and liver damage. The infective causes of hepatitis and jaundice amongst. Unlike some forms of hepatitis, hepatitis b is also not. Sharing personal belongings such as razors or toothbrush of an infected person would also cause hepatitis b.
May 09, 2017 hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the liver. Hepatitis c is a disease caused by a virus that infects the liver. Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of and injury to the liver. It is an infectious disease caused by an infection with hepatitis b virus. The other common hepatitis viruses are a and b, which differ somewhat from.
Pdf hepatitis is an inflammation of liver which results in damage to hepatocytes. Infectious agents that cause hepatitis include viruses and parasites. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources. Learn more about its transmission, symptoms, and treatment.
Hepatitis a is caused by a virus that infects liver cells and causes inflammation. The three more commonly diagnosed causes of noninfectious chronic hepatitis include. The virus is found in the blood and bodily fluids of an infected person. The liver is one of the busiest organs of the human body. The virus most commonly spreads when you eat or drink something contaminated with fecal matter, even just tiny amounts. Hepatitis b virus hbv is one of the most common chronic infections world wide, with an estimated 257 million chronically infected subjects, and the leading cause for hepatocellular carcinoma. Discussions address each of these infections because although they all cause hepatitis, their clinical pictures differ considerably. The hepatitis c virus is an rna virus that belongs to the family flaviviridae. Heavy drinking and viruses like hepatitis c or hepatitis b are common causes of cirrhosis. Rates are higher for hbv infection in children eg, up to 90% of infected neonates and 25 to 50% of young. Viral hepatitis is often called infectious hepatitis, and the viruses that cause it are contagious and can be passed from person to person. The natural history of hepatitis c virus hcv infection. Causes of hepatitis a dog develops hepatitis when he comes in contact with a virus known as the canine adenovirus type 1, or cav1. Viral hepatitis is caused by infection with one of the five known hepatotropic viruses, which are.
The first symptoms are usually fatigue, poor appetite, and nausea. Viral hepatitis is the most common type of liver disease worldwide, including in the united states. Signs and symptoms of chronic viral hepatitis ashm testing portal. Introduction autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the liver that is characterized by circulating autoantibodies and elevated serum globulin levels. Hepatitis a is a virus that causes infection and inflammation of the liver. Important forms of hepatitis to be discussed include hepatitis a hav, hepatitis b hbv, hepatitis c hcv. Jun 12, 2017 hepatitis, a general term referring to inflammation of the liver, may result from various causes, both infectious ie, viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms and noninfectious eg, alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. Epidemiologic information hepatitis a is usually transmitted by the fecaloral route. Hepatitis d infects only patients already infected with hepatitis b, and it generally results in a flare of active hepatitis. Serology hepatitis a, b, c and e, leptospirosis, dengue, rickettsia, antigen tests dengue, pcr assays hepatitis a, c and e and blood cultures septicaemia were performed on samples from 392 patients admitted with jaundice or raised transaminases. It rarely results in serious liver damage or death and does not develop chronic liver disease. It is generally characterized by circulating autoantibodies and elevated serum globulin levels. The hepatitis b virus is a dna virus belonging to the hepadnaviridae family of viruses. Hepatitis a or infectious jaundice is caused by hepatitis a virus hav, a picornavirus transmitted by the fecaloral route often associated with ingestion of contaminated food.
There is little information on the diverse infectious causes of jaundice and hepatitis in the asiatic tropics. May 07, 2018 hepatitis a is inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis a virus. Chronic hepatitis presents similarly, but can manifest signs and symptoms specific to liver dysfunction with longstanding inflammation. Although an infected dog can transmit the disease to other pets through his urine or stools, he cannot transmit the disease to humans. This highly contagious form of hepatitis can be spread through contaminated. Hepatitis has many causes, including misuse of alcohol and drugs, but viruses are the most common cause. Viral hepatitis has emerged as a major public health problem throughout the world affecting several hundreds of millions of people. Hepatitis b is an infection caused by the hepatitis b virus. Researchers have discovered several different viruses. The biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses article pdf available in current science 983. Oct 18, 2017 hepatitis a is a virus that causes infection and inflammation of the liver.
Worldwide, most people with hepatitis b were infected with the virus as an infant. Viral hepatitis is a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality in the human population, both from acute infection and chronic sequelae which include, in the case of hepatitis b, c and d, chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. You usually get it when you eat or drink something thats got the virus in it. One type, hepatitis b, is caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. Hepatitis b virus hbv and hepatitis c virus hcv are frequent causes of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis b is most often caught in parts of the world where the infection is. Alcohol can cause a chronic hepatitis, especially if associated with inadequate nutrition. Pdf the biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis c is a liver infection that can lead to serious liver damage. Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. Drugs that cause hepatitis mnemonics drug induced hepatitis.
Hepatitis a and hepatitis e typically spread through contact with food or water that has been. Hepatitis b is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. Hcv infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver. Hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e are all found in the u. The liver, which is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, performs many vital functions. About 170 million people worldwide have chronic hcv infection, making hepatitis c a major source of chronic liver disease.
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